Fig. 3 Contribution from different secondary structure components of different commercial pulse proteins samples using FTIR. Faba bean proteins ((a) soluble and (b) insoluble fraction), pea proteins ((c) soluble and (d) insoluble fraction). A2: intra-molecular aggregate, T: beta-turn, α: alfa-helix, RC: random coil, β: beta-sheet, and A1: inter-molecular aggregate. Means that do not share a letter are significantly different by Tukey's test at p< 0.05 significance level. See Table 1 for sample identification. Roach, M. J., Schmidt, S. A. & Borneman, A. R. Purge Haplotigs: allelic contig reassignment for third-gen diploid genome assemblies. BMC Bioinformatics 19, 460 (2018).

Caracuta, V. et al. 14,000-year-old seeds indicate the Levantine origin of the lost progenitor of faba bean. Sci. Rep. 6, 37399 (2016). This prompted us to find a method of processing fava beans in such a way that allows us to produce a concentrated protein powder. One of the advantages of fava beans is that they can be grown here, locally in Denmark. This is excellent news for the climate,"​ Petersen said. Macas, J. & Neumann, P. Ogre elements—a distinct group of plant Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons. Gene 390, 108–116 (2007). Folate is especially important for pregnant women. Getting enough folate can lower the risk of brain-related birth defects like spina bifida and anencephaly.VanRaden, P. M. Efficient methods to compute genomic predictions. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 4414–4423 (2008). Manganese. Fava beans are high in the mineral manganese. Your body uses manganese to maintain bone structure and strength. Getting enough manganese in your diet may help prevent osteoporosis and other bone problems. One cup of fava beans has about a third of your daily manganese needs.‌ Warsame, A. O., Michael, N., O’Sullivan, D. M. & Tosi, P. Seed development and protein accumulation patterns in faba bean ( Vicia faba, L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 70, 9295–9304 (2022). Note that some brands label their products as fava bean protein, others as faba bean protein. For consistency, we’ll use fava bean in this article (unless mentioning a specific product that is labelled otherwise). Benefits of Fava Bean Protein Powder Fig. 7 Effect of storage time on zeta potential of emulsions prepared using various commercial protein samples (a) at pH 2 and (b) at pH 7, (c) effect of heat treatment (90 °C for 30 min) and (d) effect of 1 wt% salt addition as a function of pH. Means that do not share a letter are significantly different by Tukey's test at p< 0.05 significance level. See Table 1 for sample identification.

Demand for plant-based alternatives to meat and dairy products continues to rise. Data from Mordor Intelligence forecasts that the European plant-based protein market is set to increase in value to €2.36bn by 2025, a compound annual growth rate of 7.4% over the next five years. Doležel, J., Sgorbati, S. & Lucretti, S. Comparison of three DNA fluorochromes for flow cytometric estimation of nuclear DNA content in plants. Physiol. Plant. 85, 625–631 (1992). Z. Q. Jiang, M. Pulkkinen, Y. J. Wang, A. M. Lampi, F. L. Stoddard, H. Salovaara, V. Piironen and T. Sontag-Strohm, LWT--Food Sci. Technol., 2016, 68, 295–305 CrossRef CAS . Quantified genomic DNA using the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer (Invitrogen) was used for library preparation, applying the Allegro Targeted Genotyping protocol (NuGEN Technologies), which relies on a panel of probes. Of DNA in solution, 20 ng µl −1 was used as input following the manufacturer’s instructions. All libraries were quantified using the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer and library size was verified using the High Sensitivity DNA assay from Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies) or the High Sensitivity DNA assay from Caliper LabChip GX (Caliper Life Sciences). Libraries were also quantified by quantitative PCR, using the CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories). Samples were sequenced at IGA Technology Services (IGATech). DNA sequencing was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina) in a 2 × 150 PE configuration, generating an average of 7.73 million sequenced read pairs per accession. Phenotyping and field trialsEffect of heat treatment. For most of the pulse protein-stabilized emulsions, heat treatment showed a decrease in zeta potential, which could be attributed to heat-induced protein denaturation leading to protein and oil droplet aggregation ( Fig. 7c). A more substantial drop in emulsion zeta potential was observed at pH 2 compared to pH 7, which shows that the proteins were more susceptible to denaturation under acidic conditions. The most significant drop in zeta potential was observed for FBP60 and DefFBP60 at pH 2, followed by PP55 and DefPP55. For FBPI emulsion at pH 2, zeta potential reached zero from −4.9 mV after the heat treatment. PPI, on the other hand, showed a minimum decrease in emulsion zeta potential compared to the untreated samples at pH 2. WPI showed a slight decrease, while EWP showed an insignificant increase in emulsion zeta potential upon heating. At pH 7, FBP-stabilized emulsions did not show a significant change in zeta potential before and after heat treatment. PP and WPI-stabilized emulsions, however, showed a slight decrease in zeta potential, while EWP showed an increase in zeta potential upon heat treatment. In accordance to our results, Gumus et al. 60 also reported a decrease in the magnitude of the zeta potential of PP and FBP-stabilized emulsions by heating above the thermal denaturation temperature of proteins and proposed that conformational changes in proteins upon heating changed the exposure of charged groups or the number of bound counter-ions. A one-cup (170-gram) serving of fava beans provides 13 grams of protein and 9 grams of fiber — at only 187 calories ( 3).